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ILLICIT-8
ILLICIT
CHAPTER 8: WHAT DO ORANGUTANS, HUMAN KIDNEYS, GARBAGE, AND VAN GOGH HAVE IN COMMON?
157 [German kidney transplant story] Martina Keller, “Operation Niere,” Die Zeit, December 11, 2002.
Organs Without Borders
159 [Organ trade overall] Nancy Scheper-Hughes, “The Global Traffic in Human Organs,” Current Anthropology 41, no. 2 (April 2000); Scheper-Hughes, “The New Cannibalism,” New Internationalist, no. 300 (April 1998).
160 [2003 South African case] Abraham McLaughlin, Ilene R. Prusher, and Andrew Downie, “What Is a Kidney Worth?” Christian Science Monitor, June 9, 2004; “The Rise and Fall of the South African Organ-Trafficking Ring,” ibid.; Larry Rohter, “Tracking the Sale of a Kidney on a Path of Poverty and Hope,” New York Times, May 22, 2004; “Poor Sell Organs To Trans-Atlantic Trafficking Ring,” IPS (Inter Press Service), February 23, 2004.
160–61 [Kidney supply and demand; going rates to sellers] Nancy Scheper-Hughes, “Prime Numbers: Organs without Borders,” Foreign Policy, January–February 2005, pp. 26–27.
161 [Forty-year-old Israeli] McLaughlin, Prusher, and Downie, “What Is a Kidney Worth?”
161 [Broker solicits Arab patients] Massoud Ansari, “Life on the Line,” Newsline (Pakistan) online, May 2003, online at http://www.newsline.com.pk/News
May2003/newsbeat4may.htm; Scheper-Hughes, “Global Traffic in Human Organs.”
161–62 [Forcible “donations” stories; also organ-snatching rumors and realities] Scheper-Hughes, “Global Traffic in Human Organs.”
162 [Azerbaijan] “Azerbaijan Probes Child-Organ Traffickers,” BBC News online, February 23, 2004.
162 [Afghan children] “Karzai Seeks Death for Afghan Organ Traffickers,” Financial Times, July 4, 2004.
162 [Harry Wu] Scheper-Hughes, “The New Cannibalism”; [Hainan anecdote] “Evil Trade in Organs,” Sunday Times, June 19, 1999.
162 [China capital sentences] Dena Kram, “Illegal Human Organ Trade from Executed Prisoners in China,” Trade and Environment Case Studies (American University) 11, no. 2 (June 2001); Craig S. Smith, “On Death Row, China’s Source of Transplants,” New York Times, October 17, 2001, p. A1.
162 [DR Congo] Luc-Roger Mbala Bemba, “Vaste trafic d’organes humains et d’armes dans l’Est de la Republique democratique du Congo,” L’Observateur (Kinshasa), as reproduced online at http://www.nkolo-mboka.com/genocide _56.html
162–63 [Nun in Mozambique] “Du meurtre d’une nonne au trafic d’organes,” Info Mocambique, March 3, 2004, as reproduced online at http://www.amigosde-mocambique.org/info/article.php3?id_article=43
163 [Legal debate] “Q & A: ‘The Kidney Is Not a Spare Part,’ ” and “Q & A: ‘It
Should Be Made Legal,’ ” Christian Science Monitor, June 9, 2004.
Of Caviar and Orangutans . . .
163 [CITES] Convention on International Trade and Endangered Species, online at http://www.cites.org
164 [Mexican cactus] Mary Jordan and Kevin Sullivan, “Riches Uprooted from Mexican Desert,” Washington Post, February 13, 2003, p. A18.
164 [exotics at large in South Florida] Abby Goodnough, “Forget the Gators: Exotic Pets Run Wild in Florida,” New York Times, February 29, 2004, p. A1.
164 [Ivory to Guangzhou] Marcal Joanilho, “Ivory Sellers Back in Business,” South China Morning Post, November 11, 2002, p. 4.
164 [TRAFFIC info on six most involved countries in ivory trade] Tom Milliken, “Urgent Need for ASEA to Improve Elephant Ivory Trade Monitoring Performance,” TRAFFIC.org, March 9, 2005, online at http://www.traffic.org/
news/elephant_ivory.html
164 [Contraband caviar] Carolyn Jung, “Saving Sturgeons: Value of Eggs Make Fading Fish a Target of Criminal World,” San Jose Mercury News, February 3, 2004, p. 1.
164–65 [Crocodilians] James McGregor, “International Trade in Crocodilian Skins,” TRAFFIC report, December 2002.
165 [Tibet skins seizure] “Tiger Smuggling ‘Out of Control,’ ” BBC News online, October 6, 2004.
165 [Thai pangolin seizure] “Thailand Seizes 600 Pangolins,” Xinhua News Agency, September 29, 2004.
165 [Thai 2003 recoveries] Ellen Nakashima, “Thais Fight Animal Smuggling,” Washington Post, December 11, 2003.
165 [Miami airport boas] Jay Cheshes, “Cold Blooded Smuggling,” New Times Broward–Palm Beach, February 4, 1999; also James Reynolds, “Organised Crime Cashes in on Wildlife,” The Scotsman, June 17, 2002.
165 [Southern Africa arrests] “Seizures and Prosecutions,” TRAFFIC Bulletin, 18, no. 2 (April 2000).
165–66 [Belgian wildlife dealer] Antony Barnett and Andrew Wasley, “Revealed: UK Zoos Caught in Rare Wildlife Trade with Dealer,” The Observer, March 28, 2004.
166 [The “Taiping Four”] “Gorillas in the Midst: Trade in Endangered Species,” The Economist, November 6, 2004, p. 82.
166 [Ivory trade on eBay] Marc Kaufman, “U.S. Is Major Market for Illegal Ivory,” Washington Post, September 24, 2004, p. A4.
166 [Ramin logging and trade] “Australian Film on Indonesian Illegal Logging Causes Outrage,” Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), July 31, 2002; “Police Fail to Prosecute Timber Barons and Plan Auction of Stolen Timber,” EIA, June 6, 2002; “Malaysia Still Laundering Illegal Timber,” EIA, May 13, 2004.
166–67 [Zoonosis and animal trade] Roni Rabin, “When Animal Germs Infect Humans,” Newsday, June 24, 2003, p. A34.
When Waste Means Wealth
167 [Wandering barge] Steven Hayward, “NIMBYism and the Garbage Barge from Hell,” Capital Ideas 7, no. 29 (July 25, 2002); Shirley Perlman, “Barging into a Trashy Sea,” Newsday, date unknown, online at http://www.newsday.com/ community/guide/lihistory/ny-history- hs9garb,0,6996774.story?coll=nylihistory-navigation
167–68 [Environmental crime general sources] FBI Environmental Crime, http://www.fbi.gov/hq/cid/fc/gfu/ec/ec.htm; UK Environment Agency, http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/; Australia Crime Prevention Division, http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/cpd.nsf/pages/module_8
167 [Electronic waste] “Japan Found Dumping Toxic Electronic Waste in New Dumping Zone in China,” Basel Action Network, April 21, 2004; John Vidal, “Poisonous Detritus of the Electronic Revolution,” The Guardian, September 21, 2004.
167–68 [Somalia radioactive dumps] Jorge Pina, “ ‘Eco-Mafia’ Dumps Radioactive Waste on Poor Countries,” Inter Press Service, May 7, 2001.
168 [Ship-breaking] Prasanna Srinivasan, “Let the Trade in Waste Continue,” Wall Street Journal, December 16, 2002.
168 [Cambodia mercury] TED Case Studies: Toxic Dumping by Formosa Plastics Group in Cambodia (CAMWASTE)—Abbi Tatton, December, 1999.
http://www.american.edu/TED/camwaste.htm
168 [Guiyu, Taizhou] “High-Tech Toxic Trash from USA Found to Be Flooding Asia,” Basel Action Network, February 25, 2002.
168 [Basel convention] Secretariat of the Basel Convention, United Nations Environment Programme, http://www.basel.int
168–69 [EU port study] Cited in Vidal, “Poisonous Detritus . . .”
169 [Italy “ecomafia”] Pina, “Eco-Mafia”: “Online Extra: ‘We Need International Cooperation,’ ” Business Week Online, January 27, 2003.
Trading the Atmosphere
169 [Montreal protocol text] http://www.unep.org/ozone/Treaties_and_ Ratification/2B_montreal_protocol.asp
170 [CFC trade overall] “Lost in Transit: Global CFC Smuggling Trends and the Need for a Faster Phase-Out,” Environmental Investigation Agency report, November 2003; “Curbing Illegal Trade at the Source: The Need for Cuts in the Production of CFCs,” Environmental Investigation Agency briefing, November 2004; presentation of Halvart Koeppen to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), DTIE Working Group on Crimes Related to Environmental Pollution, Lyon, December 11–12, 2001.
170 [Singapore sting; South Africa gold mine scam] EIA, “Lost in Transit” report.
171 [Bangladesh border] EIA, “Curbing Illegal Trade at the Source” report.
171 [Pakistan CFC/heroin overlap] “Whistle Blown on Illegal CFC Trade,” BBC News Online, January 31, 2004.
The Sublime Meets the Criminal
171 [Munch thefts from Oslo, 2004] Walter Gibbs and Carol Vogel, “Munch’s ‘Scream’ Is Stolen from a Crowded Museum in Oslo,” New York Times, August 23, 2004, p. A6.
171 [Matisse missing in Caracas] Alexandra Olson, “Stolen Matisse Shocks Venezuela Museum,” Associated Press, February 1, 2003.
171 [Stolen art registries] Anna J. Kisluk, “Stolen Art and the Art Loss Register,” Art Crime: Protecting Art, Protecting Artists and Protecting Consumers Conference, Sydney, December 2–3, 1999.
171 [New York Times tally] Edward Dolnick, “Stealing Beauty,” New York Times, August 24, 2004, p. A17.
171–72 [Art thieves and networks] Steve Vol, “Art of the Deal,” Philadelphia Weekly, September 1, 2004; Marc Spiegler, “The Crimes They Are A-Changin’,” Slate, August 26, 2004, online at http://slate.msn.com/id/2105632/; Bruce Ford, “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly,” Australian Art Review, February 2003.
172 [Modigliani/Degas story and Saudi prince story] Martha Lufkin, “How Drug Dealers Use Paintings to Launder Money,” Art Newspaper.com, April 8, 2003. Also Larry Lebowitz, “Arrest Made in Convoluted Case of Art, Drugs, Money,” Miami Herald, January 8, 2003, online at http://www.aberdeennews.com/mld/ aberdeennews/news/nation/4899604.htm
172–73 [Jiroft] Edek Osser, “London and Paris Markets Flooded with Looted Iranian Antiquities,” Art Newspaper.com, January 8, 2004.
173 [Antiquities trade in general] “Spirited Away,” Time Asia, October 20, 2003 [on antiquities trade out of India, Cambodia, China]; “Big Business: Asia’s Stolen-Art Trade Is Carried Out on an Almost Industrial Scale,” ibid.; “Art gangs ‘Looted Iraqi Museums,’ ” BBC News Online, April 17, 2003; “Ancient Art Traffickers Rob History for Millions,” Christian Science Monitor, October 7, 1999.
173 [Italy art theft and “art police”] “For That Stolen Vermeer, Follow the Art Squad,” Unesco Courier, April, 2001, p. 30; Linda Hales, “Art-Theft Cops and the Loot of All Evil,” Washington Post, August 10, 2003, p. N1.
173 [Peruvian artifact] Catherine Elton, “Ancient Art Traffickers Rob History for Millions,” Christian Science Monitor, October 7, 1999.
173–74 [Michel van Rijn] “The Art of Crime,” Sunday Times (South Africa), October 19, 2003; “Le pourfendeur de l’elite plus caustique que jamais,” Artcult, June 2002.
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