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ILLICIT-11
ILLICIT
CHAPTER
13: THE WORLD AHEAD
261 [Geopolitical black
holes] This term was first used to describe failed states by Italian editor
Lucio Carraciolo and La Stampa China correspondent Francesco Sisci. See Francesco
Sisci, “Black Holes and Rogue States,” Asia Times online, March 2, 2005.
261–62 [Costa del Sol] Leslie
Crawford, “Hot Money Pays for Boom on Spain’s Costa del Crime,” Financial Times,
March 23, 2005. For a fictionalized account of criminal activities in the Costa
del Sol and its global connections, see Arturo Perez Reverte, Queen of the South
(New York: Putnam, 2002).
262 [FBI busts Russian arms
dealers in New York City] United States v. Artur Solomonyan, Christian Dewet
Spies, et al. United States Magistrate Judge, Southern District of New York,
March 2005, p. 20; Julia Preston, “Arms Network Is Broken Up, Officials Say,”
New York Times, March 16, 2005.
Black
Holes vs. Bright Spots
264 [Dutch government fighting
trafficking network from Suriname] U.S. Department of State, “International
Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 2003,” Bureau for International Narcotics
and Law Enforcement Affairs, March 2004; Suriname Drug Information Network,
“Annual National Report, 2002,” December 30, 2002.
264 [Weber] Max Weber, “Politik
als Beruf (Politics as a Vocation),” speech given at Munich University, Munich,
Germany, 1918; translated in Max Weber, From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), p. 78. (“A state is a human community
that claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given
territory.”)
264 [Commonly used definition
of nation-state] Article 1 of the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties
of States, a treaty signed at the Seventh International Conference of American
States on December 26, 1933, in Montevideo, Uruguay.
264 [Multiple authorities
exert control over the same territory] James Anderson, “The Shifting Stage of
Politics: New Medieval and Postmodern Territorialities,” Environment and Planning:
Society and Space 14 (1996): pp. 133–53; Stephen J. Kobrin, “Back To the Future:
Neomedievalism and the Postmodern Digital World Economy,” Journal of International
Affairs, spring 1998; and Bruno Tesche, “Geopolitical Relations in the Middle
Ages: History and Theory,” International Organization 52, no. 20 (spring 1998):
pp. 325–58.
A Different Chessboard
266–67 [Condoleezza Rice’s
pre-9/11 opinions about the main challenges facing the United States] Condoleezza
Rice, “Promoting the National Interest,” Foreign Affairs, January–February 2000,
pp. 45–62.
268 [Condoleezza Rice’s
post-9/11 comments] James Harding and Richard Wolffe, “ ‘We Worry a Good Deal
More . . . September 11 Clarified the Threats You Face in a Post-Cold-War Era’:
Interview with Condoleezza Rice,” Financial Times, September 23, 2002, p. 21.
268 [Jose Padilla, also
known as Abdullah al Muhajir, former gang member, O’Hare Airport, in 2002] Dan
Eggen and Susan Schmidt, “ ‘Dirty Bomb’ Plot Uncovered, U.S. Says,” Washington
Post, June 11, 2002, p. A1.
268 [National missile defense
goals and budget] U.S. Congress. National Missile Defense Act of 1999. 106th
Cong., 1st Sess., H.R. 4 (January 6, 1999); U.S. Department of Defense, Missile
Defense Agency, “Historical Funding for MDA, FY85–05,” 2005.
268 [Low investment in U.S.
port security] Department of Homeland Security, Office of the Inspector General,
“Review of the Port Security Grant Program,” OIG-05-10, January 2005.
269 [2008 deadline to secure
Russian nuclear material] Peter Baker and Walter Pincus, “U.S.-Russia Pact Aimed
at Nuclear Terrorism,” Washington Post, February 24, 2005, p. A1.
Well-Worn
Lenses
269 [Realist theories and
thinkers] John Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (New York: Norton,
2001); Robert G. Gilpin Jr., “Realism,” Encyclopedia of U.S. Foreign Relations
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 462–64; Fareed Zakaria, From
Wealth To Power: The Unusual Origins of America’s World Role (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1998); Michael C. Williams, The Realist Tradition
and the Limits of International Relations (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge Studies in International Relations, 2005).
269 [Otto von Bismarck and
Realpolitik] Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994),
p. 121; Otto Pflanze, Bismarck and the Development of Germany (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1990).
270 [Recent reviews of international
relations theories] Stephen M. Walt, “International Relations: One World, Many
Theories,” Foreign Policy, spring 1998, pp. 29–45; Jack Snyder, “One World,
Rival Theories,” Foreign Policy, November–December 2004, pp. 52–62. Also Louis
Klarevas, “Political Realism: A Culprit for the 9/11 Attacks,” Harvard International
Review, fall 2004, pp. 18–23.
270–71 [Liberal tradition
in international relations] Bruce Russett and John R. Oneal, Triangulating Peace:
Democracy, Interdependence, and International Organizations (New York: Norton,
2001), and G. John Ikenberry, After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint,
and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 2001). See also Andrew Moravcsik, “Taking Preferences Seriously: A Liberal
Theory of International Politics,” International Organization, autumn 1997.
271 [Constructivism in international
relations] Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 1999); Margaret E. Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists
Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell
University Press, 1998); Alexander Wendt, “Why a World State Is Inevitable:
Teleology and the Logic of Anarchy,” European Journal of International Relations
9, no. 4, pp. 491–542.
271 [Neocons and their role
in the Bush administration] Max Boot, “Think Again: Neocons,” Foreign Policy,
January–February 2004, pp. 20–28. See also Robert Kagan and Irving Kristol,
“A Distinctly American Internationalism,” Weekly Standard, November 29, 1999.
272 [Snyder] Snyder, “One
World, Rival Theories.”
272–73 [Pre-9/11 meeting
at the White House] Richard Clarke, Against All Enemies (New York: Free Press,
2004), pp. 231–32.
Asymmetric
Borders
273 [Smuggling in North
Korea] Jonathan Watts, “Frozen Frontier Where Illicit Trade with China Offers
Lifeline for Isolated North Koreans,” The Guardian, January 9, 2004.
Hollowed-Out
Sovereignty
274–75 [Sovereignty] John
Ruggie, Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalization
(London: Routledge, 1998); Stephen D. Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999); and also Krasner’s two articles:
“Think Again: Sovereignty,” Foreign Policy, January–February 2001, pp. 20–29,
and “Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failed States,”
International Security 29 (fall 2004): pp. 85–120.
275 [OSCE report; Helga
Konrad] Special representative on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, Stop
Human Trafficking, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, March
11, 2005; “Report Says People-Smuggling on Increase in Europe,” Reuters, March
31, 2005.
275 [Illegal immigrants
tripled in Spain between 2001 and 2005] David Unger, “An Immigration Experiment
Worth Watching in Spain,” New York Times, March 20, 2005.
275–76 [Illegal immigrant
flows to the United States same as during the 1990s] Sylvia Moreno, “Flow of
Illegal Immigrants to U.S. Unabated,” Washington Post, March 22, 2005.
Cherchez
l’Etat
278 [Mexican commander jailed]
Julia Preston and Craig Pyes, “Mexican Tale: Drugs, Crime, Corruption, and the
U.S.,” New York Times, August 18, 1997; Procuraduria General De La Republica,
Mexico, Press Release No. 510/00, September 28, 2000. Online at http://www.pgr.gob.mx/cmsocial/press00/sep/pr510.html
278 [Lithuanian president
Paksas impeached] Mark Galeotti, “The Paksas Affair,” Jane’s Intelligence Review,
January 2005, p. 25.
278 [U.S. government accusations
of North Korean officials’ involvement in drug trafficking] U.S. Department
of State, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, “2003
International Narcotics Control Strategy Report,” March 1, 2004.
278 [Montesinos in jail]
“New Jail Term for Peru Spy Chief,” BBC News Online, June 29, 2004.
278 [Chinese military officials
involved in counterfeiting] “No More Business as Ususal,” Asiaweek, December
6, 2000; Ted C. Fishman, “Manufaketure;” “People’s Republic of Cheats,” Far
Eastern Economic Review, June 21, 2001.
279 [Pakistani government’s
relationship with A. Q. Khan’s nuclear smuggling] “State Department Spokesman
Adam Ereli Has Unequivocally Absolved the Pakistani Leadership of Any Role in
Dr. A. Q. Khan Proliferation Network’s Operation,” The Nation, March 21, 2005;
U.S. State Department daily briefing, March 17, 2005; author interview with
Pakistani expert Husein Haqqani, Washington, DC, September 16, 2004.
279 [Sale of nuclear-capable
missiles by Ukrainian arms dealers] Aleksandar Vasovic, “Ukrainians Sold Missiles
To Iran, China, Prosecutors Say,” Washington Post, March 19, 2005.
The
World Ahead
281 [Smith] Adam Smith,
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (New York: Modern
Library, 1994), book 5, chapter 2, article 4.
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