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原書註解 3
CHAPTER TWENTY ONE
The Truth Managers
lBloggers: “The Young Stir Up a News Storm,” by Brendan O’Neill, Sunday Times of London, June 5, 2005, p. 12.
lCelebrity politicians: “Lights! Camera! Reactionaries!,” by Jack Mathews, New York Daily News, September 5, 2004, Sunday Now, p. 4.
l Amateur movie-makers: “The DVD: Democratizing Video Distribution,” by Elaine Dutka, Los Angeles Times, June 21, 2005, Part E, p. 5.
l Catholic church: “Sex Abuse Scandal Dominates Meeting of U.S. Catholic Bishops,” by Janice D’Arcy, Baltimore Sun, June 17, 2005, p. A8.
l Bloggers: Following the principle that “if you can’t beat them, join them…”, some newspapers are experimenting with “participatory journalism” by inviting readers to add their thoughts to an unedited web site, to rewrite staff-written stories and add them to a site created by the newspaper for that purpose, or, alternatively, to write and publish their own articles subject to editing by professionals.
l End of Enlightenment: Many intellectuals in the West today welcome all-too-glibly the approaching end of the Enlightenment Era. They attack the weaknesses of determinism, mechanism and linear thinking. But they too often forget that the Enlightenment also introduced or spread the key ideals behind what we now, with all its faults, call democracy. These include the concept of individual human rights protected by the state… the separation of powers… religious tolerance… due process in the courts…and the recognition that widespread access to knowledge is a precondition for the development and survival of democracy. Before those of us who enjoy these benefits shut the door on the Enlightenment, we had better make sure we don’t turn off the lights that it turned on.
CHAPTER TWENTY TWO
Coda: Convergence
l Al-Farabi: “Abu Al-Nasr Al-Farabi,” Trinity College in Hartford, Conn., from its website @ www.trincollege.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/muslim/farabi.html
l Europe and Al-Farabi: “The Arab Forebears of the European Renaissance,” an interview with Alain de Libera in UNESCO’s Courier magazine. February, 1997.
l Trivium and quadrivium: “A New Trivium and Quadrivium,” George Bugliarello, chancellor of Polytechnic University of New York, November 8, 2001, From the college’s website @ www.poly.edu/news/speech/newTQ.cjm
l Beer, diapers and pop-Tarts: “Fishing for Data,” by Peter N. Spotts, Christian Science Monitor, November 27, 2002, p. 18. The article refers to a supermarket which used its database to learn that men who bought beer in advance of televised football games were also likely to buy diapers, presumably at the behest of their wives. The store then relocated their diaper supplies next to their beer cases. Similarly, “What They Know About You,” by Constance L.Hays, New York Times, Sunday, November 14, 2004, Section 3, p. 1, reports that marketers mined databases to learn that sales of Pop-Tarts increased by seven times just ahead of an impending hurricane.
l Salmonella: “Genetic Fingerprinting Finds Unexpected Sources of Food Poisoning,” by Daniel Q. Haney, Associated Press, October 16, 2000.
l Mangos: Robert V. Tauxe, chief of foodborne diseases at the CDC, cited by Associated Press in “Genetic Fingerprinting Finds Unexpected Sources of Food Poisoning,” by Daniel Q. Haney, October 16, 2000.
CHAPTER TWENTY THREE
The Hidden Half
l Subsistence population: “A Hopeful Way Out of Poverty,” Shashi Tharoor, International Herald Tribune, July 5, 2002, p. 6. Also, “World Bank Finds Global Poverty Down by Half Since 1981,” U.N. Wire, April 23, 2004.
l Total annual output: “Bush Tax-Cut Plan is a Drop in the World’s Bucket,” by Eric Pfanner, International Herald Tribune, January 10, 2003, p. 11.
l Our term “prosumer” was first used in The Third Wave (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1980 hardcover; and Bantam Books, 1981 paperback.) See especially Chapter Three, “The Invisible Wedge” for its impact on gender, personality and society.
l Sharon Bates: “Devoted Mother in Line for Top Award,” Derby (UK) Daily Telegraph, March 4, 2003, p. 12.
l Enki Tan: His wife Cheri Nursalim, meanwhile, began setting up a branch of the United in Diversity Foundation to provide follow-on help with relief, reconstruction and education in Aceh.
l Twenty-eight countries: “A Resort for Volunteers,” by Kultida Samabuddhi, Bangkok Post, March 28, 2005.
l Bruce Lampard: “Doctors Learn Cultural Sensitivity in Far-Off Trouble Spots,” by Joseph Kim, Toronto Star, February 8, 2003, p. Z29.
l Marta Garcia: Interviews with the authors, May 2005.
l Katsuo Sakakibara: “Volunteer Activities Work Wonders,” Nikkei Weekly, July 23, 2001.
l “Socially cohesive”: “Will the Real Economy Please Stand Up?” by Hazel Henderson, Christian Science Monitor, May 3, 1982, p. 23. In the same article, Henderson noted that: “Such nonmarket, socially cohesive work, as well as the vital caring and parenting of children, still comprises over 50 percent of all the world’s real economic activity – even in industrial societies.”
l Japan Ministry statement: “Social Structure Must Change Ahead of Population Decline,” by Noriko Sakakibara, Daily Yomiuri, August 6, 2005, p. 4.
l Family meal, halved living standard: “Cost of Family Breakdown,” by Stein Ringen, Financial Times, September 23, 1996, p. 18.
l Marxist reproduction: Marx, Karl, Capital, (New York: International Publishers Co., 1939) p. 578.
l Books: Henderson, 124]. Cahn, [39], Glazer, [111].
l Non-working time: Becker, Gary S., The Economic Approach to Human Behavior, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976) pp. 90-114. This chapter is a reprint of Becker’s “A Theory of the Allocation of Time,” first published in the Economic Journal, September, 1965, Vol. 75, No. 299, pp. 493-517.
l Calculating prosumer value: "Clustering and Dependencies in Free/Open Source Software Development," by Rishab Aiyer Ghosh, from the First Monday website @ http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue8_4/ghosh/index.html
l In partial recognition that prosumers generate wealth, the Venezuelan Constitution adopted in 1999 includes the following clause: “The State recognizes work at home as an economic activity that creates added value and produces social welfare and wealth. Housewives are entitled to Social Security in accordance with law.” Chapter V, Social and Family Rights, Article 88.
CHAPTER TWENTY FOUR
The Health Prosumers
l Hospital infections: “Stricter Antibiotics Use Urged,” by M.A.J. McKenna, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, March 27, 2002, p. 4A.
l Medical errors: “To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System,” Institute of Medicine, a panel of the National Academy of Sciences, November, 1999.
l Rising health costs: "OECD Data Show Health Expenditures at an All-Time High," Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, June 23, 2003. Also see Table 1. From the OECD website @ www.oecd.org/document/39/0,2340,en_2649_33929_2789735_1_1_1_1,00.html
l Aging populations: “Population Ageing: A Public Health Challenge,” World Health Organization, September, 1998, from its website @ www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact135.html
l Sanitation improvement and disease eradication: "Control of Infectious Diseases in the U.S.,” an article in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 30, 1999, Vol. 48, No. 29, p. 621. Also from the CDC, "Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Control of Infectious Diseases," July 30, 1999, from its website @ www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/mmwrnews/n990730.htm#mmwr1
l Communicable diseases: "Trends in Infectious Disease Mortality in the United States During the 20th Century," by Gregory L. Armstrong, Laura A. Conn and Robert W. Pinner, Journal of the American Medical Association, January 6, 1999, Vol. 281, No. 1, from the JAMA website @ http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/281/1/61. Also, "Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Control of Infectious Diseases," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, July 30, 1999, from its website @ www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/mmwrnews/n990730.htm#mmwr1
l Main killer diseases today: "Leading Causes of Death," Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. statistics, 2000, from its website @ www.cdc.gov/ncha/fastats/lcod.htm. Also, "Advances Begin to Tame Cancer," by Raja Mishra, Boston Globe, July 6, 2003, p. A1. Also, "Campaign Publicizes Obesity, Cancer Link," by Andre Picard, Toronto Globe and Mail, March 5, 2003, p. A2.
l Populations over 60 and 80, life expectancies, aging in Europe and Japan: “Population Ageing: A Public Health Challenge,” World Health Organization, September, 1998, from its website @ www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact135.html
l Health spending and GDP: “Total Expenditure on Health - % of Gross Domestic Product,” Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, from its website @ www.oecd.org/dataoecd/44/18/35044277.xls
l Congressional Budget Office cost estimate, expenses underestimated: “The 2030 Problem: Caring for Aging Baby Boomers,” by James R. Knickman and Emily K. Snell, Health Services Research, a journal from the American College of Healthcare Executives, August 1, 2002, Vol. 37, No. 4, p. 849.
l Alzheimer’s: “Alzheimer’s in the Living Room,” by Jane Gross, New York Times, September 16, 2004, Section A, p. 1.
l Prescriptions: “Age Wave Holds Promise of Boom Times,” by Richard Monks, Chain Drug Review, November 11, 2002, p. 33.
l Comparative medical costs: “Aging Issues Move Mainstream,” by Judith G. Dausch, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, June 1, 2003, Vol. 103, No. 6, p. 683.
l ER and HPV: “TV Remains Dominant Source for Americans on Medical Information,” by M.E. Malone, Boston Globe, March 12, 2002, p. C1.
l TV documentary: "U.S. TV Documentary Program Awarded Japan Prize," Japan Economic Newswire, November 14, 2001.
l Chinese television: “China’s Millions Learning AIDS Prevention from TV,” Xinhua News Agency, December 2, 2002. Also, “Chinese TV Series to Promote Sex Education,” Xinhua News Agency, February 24, 2003.
l Drug ads on TV: “Pharmaceutical Makers and Ad Agencies Fight to Preserve Campaigns for Prescription Drugs,” by Stuart Elliott, New York Times, July 12, 2002, Section C, p. 2.
l Levin on self-care: “What’s Up, Doc?” by Alexandra Greeley, The World and I, November, 1987, from its website @ www.worldandi.com/specialreport/1987/november/Sa13142.htm
l Homecare in 1965: “From the Golden Age to the Crackdown Age,” by Tom Gray, HomeCare, October 1, 2001, from its website @ http://homecaremag.com/ar/medical_golden_age_crackdown/index.htm
l Diabetes products: "Report Predicts Double-Digit Growth for Diabetes Management Market," HomeCare, June 1, 2002, from its @ www.homecaremag.com/ar/medical_report_predicts_doubledigit/index.htm
l Home test kits: "Medical Testing at Home," by Mary Carmichael, Newsweek, May 19, 2003, p. 67. Also, "BioSafe PSA4 Prostate Cancer Screening Test," Craig Medical Distribution Inc., from its website @ www.craigmedical.com/psa4_home.htm.
l Supply catalog: Flaghouse Catalog, Winter, 1999-2000.
l More home tests: (Kits for women) "FemaleCheck," Medical Home Products, Inc., from its website @ www.medicalhomeproducts.com/product_info.php?cPath=29&products_id=30 (Colon cancer) "EZ Detect Colon Cancer Test," AbDiagnostics, from its website @ www.homehealthtesting.com/coloncancertests.htm (Osteoporosis) "OsteoCheck," BodyBalance, from its website @ www.bodybalance.com/osteo/solution.html
l Home care systems and devices, T-shirt: “Emerging Trends in Medical Device Techology: Home is Where the Heart Monitor Is,” by Carol Lewis, in the Food and Drug Administration's Consumer magazine, May-June 2001, from the agency’s website @ www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/301_home.html
l Home CAT scans: “Tech 2010: The Bathroom Where You Can Give Yourself a Daily Brain Scan,” by Margaret Talbot, New York Times, June 11, 2000, Section 6, p. 81.
l Teaching health care: Lowell Levin, in an interview entitled “Power to the Patient,” from the Health World Online website @ www.healthy.net/asp/templates/interview.asp?PageType=Interview&ID=263
l Game for diabetic children: Vikram Sheel Kumarcorrespondence with authors, December 10, 2001. The project is called DiaBetNet, with details as of February 27, 2003, available on the Verizon website @ http:news/verizonwireless.com/news/2003/02/pr2003-02-27b.html
CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE
Our Third Job
l Cancelled checks and employees: "Bank of America to Cut Up to 6.7% of Work Force, or 10,000 Jobs," by Diana B. Henriques, New York Times, July 29, 2000, Section C, p. 1.
l ATM transactions. "ATM Fact Sheet," American Bankers Association, from its website @ www.aba.com/aba/pdf/commtools/atmfactsheet.pdf
l Global ATM transactions: "Cash Withdrawals: New Tower Group Analysis Finds Erosion in Return on Investment with ATMs," Credit Union Journal, December 2, 2002, p. 8.
l Online stock traders: “Half of American Households Own Equities,” Investment Company Institute and the Securities Industry Association, September 27, 2002, from the association’s website @ www.sia.com/press/html/pr_equity_ownership.html
l Online travel: "Travel Industry Sees Huge Rise in Trips Planned Online," by Karen Harrell, Pensacola News Journal, January 2, 2003, p. 2B.
l Total online purchases: “2002 E-Commerce Holiday Wrap-Up,” by Robin Greenspan, reporting the results of a BizRate market survey, January 3, 2003, from the eCommerce-guide.com website @ http://ecommerce.internet.com/research/stats/article/0,,10371_1563551,00.html
l General Electric: "General Electric's Spin Machine," by Mark Roberti, Industry Standard, January 22-29, 2001, p. 79.
l Dohton Bori: "Originality Propels Growth at Start-Ups," Nikkei Weekly, November 18, 2002.
l Clarence Saunders: “This Little Piggly is Coming to Town,” by Jenni Smith, Dallas Morning News, October 12, 2001, p. 5N.
l Self-scan markets: "Now, Harried Shoppers Can Take Control at Supermarkets," by Lorrie Grant, USA Today, June 7, 2001, p. 1A.
l No discount: "Short-Changed by Self-Service," by Donald L. Potter, Los Angeles Times, June 8, 2002, Part 2, p. 23.
l Amazon.com: “Reviewer Fills the Web Page for Amazon.com Book Sales,” by Don O’Briant, New Orleans Times-Picayune, July 16, 2000, p. B4. For an example, see Amazon.com’s website @ www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000001VVY/qid=1060196237/sr=2-1/ref=sr_2_1/104-9500253-2764735
l Cartoon. "Dilbert," by Scott Adams, April 27, 2003, distributed by United Feature Syndicate.
CHAPTER TWENTY SIX
The Coming Prosumer Explosion
l Home Depot: “About The Home Depot,” “Investor Relations” and “Corporate Overview,” from the company’s website @ www.homedepot.com
l U.S. DIY market: “Do It Yourself; What Drives Us to Take On Those Jobs?” by T.J. Becker, citing the Home Improvement Research Institute, Chicago Tribune, May 25, 2003, p. C1.
l DIY in Japan: "Japan," Export America, a magazine from U.S. Department of Commerce, from its website @ www.ita.doc.gov/exportamerica/GlobalNewsLine/gnl_0103
l DIY in Germany: “DIY Industry in 2002: Developments on the Overall German Market,” Bundesverband der Deutschen Heimwerker, Bau un Gartenfachmarket (BHB), March 9, 2003, from the website @ www.textkonzept.com/bhb/Pmeng-PW03-trends.htm
l DIY in Europe: “Report: Single Women World’s Biggest Buyers,” Reuters, published in Newsday on August 2, 2000, p. A 50.
l BBC programs: “Change Rooms at Your Peril,” by Mark Keenan, Sunday Times of London, February 23, 2003, Features, Eire Ireland Home 37.
l Home improvement on U.S. TV: “The Fix is On,” by Gary Dymski, Newsday, November 14, 2002, p. B18.
l Outside the U.S.: “About Us,” Home and Garden Television, from its website @ www.hgtv.com/hgtv/about_us
l Appliance repair sites: “This Week’s Topic: Fixing It Yourself,” by David Hayes, Kansas City Star, June 8, 2003, p. I16
l Sears: “Parts to Fix All Major Brands No Matter Where You Bought Them,” Sears, Roebuck and Co., from its website @ www3.sears.com/intro.shtml
l Auto parts sales: “Odland’s DIY Sales Initiatives Revitalize AutoZone,” Aftermarket Business, December 1, 2001, Vol. 111, No. 12, p. 10.
l U.S. gardening: “NGA Announces Lawn & Garden Statistics for 2002,” National Gardening Association, from its website @ www.nationalgardening.com/RSRCH/feature/asp
l Gardening in Britain. “ ‘Bloomin’ Marvelous Business,” by Helen Gibson, Time International, May 27, 2002, p. 54.
l German gardening: “Gardening Industry in Germany,” by Charles Pattinson, Trade Partners UK, from the British government website @ www.tradepartners.gov.uk/recreation/germany2/profile/overview.shtml
l Gardening in Japan: “Business and Management Information,” Nikkei Business Publications, from its website @ www.nikkeibp.co.uk/pages/info_busandman.htm Also, “Growing Popularity: The Burgeoning Gardening Boom,” Trends in Japan, July 14, 1997, from the JapanEcho website @ www.jinjapan.org/trends98/honbun/njt970714. html
l Sewing: “Sewing: 30 Million Women Can’t Be Wrong,” by Mitchell Owens, referring to a report from the American Home Sewing and Craft Association, New York Times, March 2, 1997, Section 1, p. 39.
l Home dry-cleaning: “How Home Dry Cleaning Works,” by Ann Meeker-O’Connell, from the HowStuff Works website @ www.howstuffworks.com/home-dry-cleaning.htm
l Digital tools: “Everyone’s a Star.Com,” by Romesh Ratnesar and Joel Stein, Time, March 27, 2000, p. 68.
l Don Davidson: “Don Q. Davidson: Woodworking Hobby Becomes Family Business,” an article on CareerJournal.com from The Wall Street Journal, 2000, also on the website @ www.2young2retire.com/davidson.htm
l Neil Planick: "Hobby Becomes Business After Unexpected Layoff," by Tom Koch, Inside Collin County Business, July, 1999.
l Famous Amos cookies: “Amos, Wally,” from A&E Television’s Biography.com website @ http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=23645 Also, "Wally Amos: 'Turning Lemons Into Lemonade'," Sterling International, from its website @ www.sterlingspeakers.com/amos.htm Also, the Wally Amos website @ www.wallyamos.com/about/about.html
l Computer gaming industry: “Computer Games and the Military: Two Views,” by J.C. Herz and Michael R. Macedonia, Defense Horizons, April, 2002, p. 2
lComputer gaming revenues: “Industry Structure: Computer Games,” Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development for the state of Victoria, Australia, May 22, 2003, from its website @ http://invest.vic.gov.au/Industry+Sectors/IT+and+Communications/Industry+Structure:+Computer+Games.htm
lTorvalds, open code, support: "Open Source Drops Its Geeky Image and Adopts A Hard-Nosed Business Edge," by Colin Barker, Computing, April 10, 2003, p. 26. Also, "Linus Torvalds: A Humble Clark Kent of the Linux World," by Robert Thompson, National Post of Canada, May 18, 2000, p C3.
lLinux in American companies: “Liberty, Technology, Duty,” by Edward Rothstein, New York Times, May 8, 2004, Section B, p. 9.
lLinux in China, India, Asia region: “HP Launches Linux PCs, Asia Spurning Microsoft,” by Peter Morris, Asia Times, March 19, 2004, from its website @ www.atimes.com/atimes/China/FC19Ad05.html
lLinux in Brazil: “Free Software’s Biggest and Best Friend,” by Todd Benson, New York Times, March 29, 2005, Section C, p. 1.
lInvestments, governments: “US Government Agencies Turn to Linux,” by Lisa Pickoff-White of United Press International, April 11, 2005, from the MacNewsWorld website @ www.macnewsworld.com/story/42048.html
l Delegates urged: “U.N. Meeting Debates Software for Poor Nations,” by Jennifer L. Schenker, New York Times, December 11, 2003, Section C, p. 4.
l Other open-source programming: Linux is not the only example of prosuming programmers. According to The Economist, 800 volunteers from around the world — many working for such companies as Sun and Google — have, in their free time, developed Firefox, a Web browser that, like Linux, is based on open source and has already captured 8-10 percent of the global market. “Firefox Swings to the Rescue,” The Economist, December 17, 2005, p. 64.
lWeb origins: Berners-Lee, [19], pp. 4-5.
l Three billion Web sites: "Google Gamers' Word Pairings a Creative Addiction," by Barbara Feder Ostrov, San Jose Mercury News, May 31, 2003.
l Total Web sites: Estimates of the total number of sites on the Web vary widely. Some estimates are as high as eight billion sites, as reported in “Google Insiders Sell $2.9 Billion,” by Dan Lee, San Jose Mercury News, August 1, 2005, p. PT2.
l Blogs: “Crashing the Blog Party,” by Renee Tawa, Los Angeles Times, September 12, 2002, Part 5, p. 1.
CHAPTER TWENTY SEVEN
More “Free Lunch”
l Shobodan: “Cold Water Thrown on Burning Ambition,” by Tom Westin, Daily Yomiuri, April 5, 2002, p. 7.
l Volunteers firefighters around the world: (Austria and Germany) "How to Run a Fire Service," The Economist, November 30, 2002. (Canada) Red Deer Volunteer Fire Department, from its website @ www.reddeercountyfirefighters.com/mission.htm. (Finland) WorldFireDepartments.com, from its website @ www.worldfiredepartments.com/International/finland.htm (Italy) National Association of Voluntary Firefighters, from its website @ www2.commune.bologna.it/bologna/assnvfv/maine.htm (South Africa) “Volunteer Emergency Services,” Station 15, Johannesburg, from its website @ www.station15.org/za/get_content.php/public_home.htm (Portugal) "Huge Fire Brought Under Control in Northern Portugal," by Daniel Silva, Agence France Presse, August 1, 2003.
l Volunteers in U.S.: "A Nation of Volunteers," The Economist, February 23, 2002.
l Hours and money value of volunteering: “Giving and Volunteering in the United States – 2001,” Independent Sector, from its website @ www.independentsector.org/PDFs/GV01keyfind.pdf
l Great Hanshin earthquake: “Foreign Ships, Good Times Returning to Kobe Port,” Daily Yomiuri, January 29, 2003, p. 25.
l Kobe quake volunteers: “Japan’s NGO Activities and the Public Support System,” by Mitsuhiro Saotome of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1997, from the Global Development Research Center website @ www.gdrc.org/ngo/jp-ngoactivities.html
l South Korean volunteers: “World Volunteers, Recipient Nations Gather in Seoul for Biennial,” Korea Herald, November 8, 2002.
l Volunteer projects in Korea: (Typhoon relief) “Volunteers Give Ray of Hope to Despairing Flood Victims,” Korea Times, September 9, 2002. (Home-building) “Habitat for Humanity Korea Gearing Up for a Busy Summer,” Korea Times, May 15, 2003. (North Koreans) “Students Crossing the Korean Divide,” by Barbara Demick, Los Angeles Times, August 24, 2002, Part 1, p. 7 Also, “Fleeing to Culture Shock,” by Barbara Demick, Los Angeles Times, March 12, 2002, Part 1, p. 1.
l Cancer care in Italy: “Volunteerism in Italy,” by Claude Fusco Karmann, July, 2000, from the Education Development Center, Inc. website @ www2.edc.org/lastacts/archives/archivesJuly00/intlpersp.asp
l Floods in Germany: "Aid Floods In on a Wave of German Generosity," by Haig Simonian, Bettina Wassener and Hugh Williamson, Financial Times, August 26, 2002, p. 5.
l San Francisco earthquake: Japan Emergency Team, from its website @ www.jhelp.com/en/jet.html
l Dying horses: "Mugabe Land Grab Leaves Horses to Starve," by Jenny Booth, London Sunday Telegraph, October, 2002, p. 21.
lRed Cross/Crescent: “National Volunteer Week Advertising Feature: Join Red Cross Global Network,” Adelaide (Australia) Advertiser, May 13, 2003, p. 49.
lTsunami aid: “United Nations Warns of Cash Shortage for Long-Term Tsunami Reconstruction Efforts,” by Chris Brummitt, Associated Press, February 8, 2005.
lHotline: “Tsunami Volunteer Hotline Closes After 10,000 Calls,” Australian Volunteers International, April 1, 2005, from its website @ www.australianvolunteers.com/news/media/press/3378
lFlood of volunteers: “Tsunami Volunteers: Too Much of a Good Thing?” NetAid, from its website @ www.netaid.ga0.org/world_schoolhouse/actions/asia_crisis/
l Priestley, Fermat, Franklin: “Beating the Pros to the Punch,” by K.C. Cole, Los Angeles Times, March 11, 1998, Part A, p. 1. Also, The Columbia Encyclopedia (New York: Columbia University Press: Third Edition)
l Volunteer environmental studies: “Web Sites Let Public Join In Research Studies,” by Donna Milmore, Boston Globe, December 12, 1999, p. H5.
l Seismic volunteers: “Local Folks Equipped to Monitor Quakes,” Philippine Department of Science and Technology, 2002, from its website @ www.dost.gov.ph/media/article.php?sid=257
l Moonwatch: “After All These Years, Fred Whipple’s Still Fascinated by Dirty Snowballs,” by David L. Chandler, Boston Globe, October 28, 1996, p. C1.
l Amateur astronomers: Hayes,[123], p. 1230.
l Brigadier General Worden: “Better Asteroid Detection Needed, Experts Tell House Panel,” by Robert S. Boyd, San Jose Mercury News, October 4, 2002. Also, “Asteroid Threat Discussed by U.S. Congress,” by Keith Cowing, October 4, 2002, from the SpaceRef.com website @ www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=509
l Richard Nugent: “Amateur Astronomy Section – Interview 2,” an interview with Nugent conducted by Astronomy Today’s Lydia Lousteaux, from the website @ www.astronomytoday.com/astronomy/interview2.html
l Kasnoff and Gedye, SETI, deep-sky survey: "SETI@home," from the Planetary Society website @ www.planetary.org/htm/UPDATES/seti/SETi@home/default.html
l SETI computers: “Supercomputing ‘@Home’ is Paying Off,” by George Johnson, New York Times, April 23, 2002, Section F, p. 1.
l Oxford and others: “Grid Computing: Thousands of Computers Linked in New Infotech Leap,” by William Ickes, Agence France Presse, February 16, 2003. Also, “Getting More from a PC’s Spare Time,” by Joan Oleck, New York Times, September 11, 2003, Section G, p. 5.
l Anthrax letters: "Reponse to Terror," by Megan Garvey, Los Angeles Times, January 31, 2002, Part A, p. 6.
l Anthrax screening project: “Anthrax Screensaver Finds Promising New Drugs,” New Scientist, February 19, 2002, from its website @ www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99991953 Also, “Anthrax Screening Project Completes In-silico Screening in 24 Days,” TB and Outbreaks Week, April 9, 2002, p. 12. Also, “Anthrax Research Project Completed; Check Your Country’s Stats,” United Devices, April 7, 2002, from the website @ http://members.ud.com
l Distributed computing: "Sun Stroke," The Economist, Technology Quarterly, March 16, 2002. Also, "Girding for Grids," by Rob Fixmer, Interactive Week, January 7, 2002, p. 41. Also, "Grid Computing," by M. Mitchell Waldrop, Technology Review, May, 2002, p. 31.
l U.S senior volunteers: “Retirees Rocking Old Roles,” by Walt Duka and Trish Nicholson, December, 2002, from the AARP website @ www.aarp.org/bulletin/departments/2002/life/1205_life_1.html
l Japanese seniors: “Older Volunteers Offer Valuable Skills,” Nikkei Weekly, January 28, 2002. Also, “Life: Silver Workers Still Sparkle,” by Jeff Horwich, Asahi Shimbun, October 31, 1999.
CHAPTER TWENTY EIGHT
The Music Storm
lHippiedom: Hoffman, Abbie, Steal This Book (New York: Grove Press, 1971)
l Napster users: "There's Still Hope for Napster Despite Stream of Troubles," by Jefferson Graham, USA Today, May 23, 2001, p. 3D.
l Shawn Fanning: “Meet the Napster,” by Karl Taro Greenfeld, with Chris Taylor and David E. Thigpen, Time, October 2, 2000, p. 60. Also, Fattah, Hassan M., P2P: How Peer-to-Peer Technology is Revolutionizing the Way We Do Business (Chicago: Dearborn Trade Publishing, 2002) pp. 4-8.
l Napster downloads: "Napster Tones Down the Downloads," by Ronna Abramson, citing the online music research firm Webnoize, Industry Standard, May 1, 2001.
lDavid Benveniste: “Now Fans Call the Tune,” by Geoff Boucher, Los Angeles Times, August 3, 2003, Part 5, p. 1.
lKazaa, “Skype is 2nd Jackpot for Scandinavian Duo,” by Ivar Ekman, International Herald Tribune, September 13, 2005, p.8
l Powell: “Catch Us If You Can,” by Daniel Roth, Fortune, February 9, 2004, p. 64.
l Today a trickle: "Wind Power Generates Income," by James R. Healey, USA Today, August 16, 2002, p. 1B. Also, "Business Forum: Regenerating History," by David Morris, Minneapolis Star Tribune, April 28, 2002, p. 8D.
l Federal energy policy: "Wind Energy Program," U.S. Department of Energy, from its website @ www.eren.doe.gov/wind/web.html
l Fuel cell R&D: “Fuel Cells Vs. The Grid,” by David H. Freeman, Technology Review, January/February, 2002, p. 42.
l Energy visionaries: “Conversations: Amory Lovins,” by Jim Motavalli, E:The Environmental Magazine, March-April, 2000, from its website @ www.emagazine.com/march-april_2000/0300conversations.html
l Stereolithography: “Look and Feel,” by David C. Churbuck, Forbes, November 9, 1992, p. 292.
l Fabbers are based: “How It Works: If You Behave Yourself, I’ll Print You a Toy,” by Peter Wayner, New York Times, May 29, 2003, Section G, p 8.
l Penske Racing: “Penske, 3D Join Forces for Parts,” Los Angeles Daily News, January 19, 2002, p. SC9.
l Fabbing uses, products, Rudgley: "Future Tech: Behold, the 3-D Fax!" by Brad Lemley, Discover, February, 2000, from its website @ www.discover.com/feb_00/feat3dfax.html
l Companies: “Application Solutions,” 3D Systems, from its website @ www.3dsystems.com/appsolutions/atwork_listing.asp
l Desktop fabrication, current research, ferrari.fab: “Napster Fabbing: Internet Delivery of Physical Products,” a presentation by Marshall Burns and James Howison for the February 16, 2001, O’Reilly Peer-to-Peer Conference in San Francisco, from the Ennex Corp. website @ www.ennex.com/publish/200102-Napster/index.asp
l Desktop fabrication may have a dark side, as well. Could “fabbers” be used to to turn out illegal handguns, or anonymous cell phones?
l Pictures on toast: “Microfinance, Microfab,” by Neil Gershenfeld, Forbes, April 25, 2005, p. 32.
l Fabrication inevitable, Watson forecast: Gershenfeld, Neil, When Things Start to Think, (New York: Henry Holt, 1999) p. 63.
l PCs: "PCs in Use Surpassed 820M in 2004,” Computer Industry Almanac, March 9, 2005, from its website @ www.c-i-a.com/pr0305.htm
l Nanotechnology: Drexler; [76]
l Nanoproducts: “Could Tiny Machines Rule the World?” by Michael Crichton, Parade, November 24, 2002.
CHAPTER TWENTY NINE
The “Producivity” Hormone
l PCs in U.S.: "Internet Indicators,” International Telecommunication Union, March 15, 2005, from its website @ www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/
l PC users: "153 Million U.S. Net Users and Counting," by Stefanie Olsen, March 28, 2003, from the CNET News.com website @ http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1104-994418.html
l Early PCs: "What Ever Happened to … Kit Computers?" by Stan Velt, Computer Shopper, April, 1994, Vol. 14, No. 4, p. 595.
l Radio Shack and TRS 80s: "Recalling What Tandy Meant to an Industry," by Cathy Taylor, Orange County Register, May 27, 1993, p. C1.
l Systems operator: “At Home with Ubiquitous Computing,” by W. Keith Edwards and Rebecca E. Grinter, 2001, www.grinter.org/ubicomp.pdf
l Sarvodaya Camp: Interview with Sugata Mitra in New Delhi. Also see
l "Rajender Ban Gaya Netizen," by Parul Chandra, Times of India, May 12, 1999. Also, "A Lesson in Computer Literacy from India's Poorest Kids," an interview with Sugata Mitra by Thane Peterson, March 2, 2000, from the Business Week website @ www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2000/nf00302b.htm
l Peer teaching: Though it is unlikely that it has been measured, it is reasonable to assume that the speed with which the children learned was accelerated by the transfer of know-how among them, so that as one child learned, he showed others what to do. Each learner, in short, served as a temporary“micro-guru”. Similar informal teaching and learning runs through daily life in the economy and the larger society. We have little if any data about the impact of this process on either. We cannot assume that everything can be self-taught, or that self-appointed “gurus” can replace instructors and teachers of advanced skills. But it is unlikely that the money economy could function without the ongoing transfer of a great deal of unnoticed, unpaid for, and unmeasured “micro-learning”. To speak of a knowledge economy and ignore this form of round-the-clock teaching and learning in the society is the equivalent of going to the Louvre, focusing on a single hair on Mona Lisa’s head and never noticing the smile.
CHAPTER THIRTY
Coda: Invisible Channels
l Cuba Gooding Jr.: "Jerry Maguire" (Tristar, 1996). Also, "50 Greatest Sports Movies," Sports Illustrated, August 4, 2003, p. 62.
l Tom Robbins: MacHale, Des, Wit. (Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, 1998) p. 9.
l The contributions of prosumers to the money economy raise a host of fascinating questions. Should prosumers be paid in money for their currently unpaid efforts? Does this threaten to reduce all human interactions to the cash nexis? And if prosumers should be monetarily rewarded -- where is a line to be drawn? For example, “Pass me the fork -- I’ll pay a quarter?” Or “I’m foregoing a salary of, say, $75,000 a year to stay home and raise a child. Shouldn’t I be paid for doing that?” Should prosumers get “frequent service points” exchangeable for airline tickets, computers, tax rebates or, for that matter, face-lifts if what they do is “producive” -- i.e., contributes to productivity in the money economy? Seemingly far-fetched questions like these are likely to get serious attention tomorrow as the prosumer economy explodes and prosuming is recognized as a vital part of revolutionary wealth.
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